How to get grass stains out of clothes · Step 1: Apply enzyme detergent to the grass stain · Step 2: Wash in hot water.Steps to Remove Mud Stains. Best products for removing mud stains. Tide Ultra OXI High Efficiency Liquid. Effective Stain Removal on a Variety of Stains. Since you can't keep …Wash, Soak, and Scrub. Wash the shoes by hand using a small amount of liquid laundry detergent mixed with water. Pre-treat stains by applying detergent directly to the spot and allowing it to sit for at least 15 minutes. Clean the entire shoe by scrubbing with a sponge or cloth dipped in the detergent solution.Step 5. Wash the clothing in a washing machine on the hot water cycle to finish the process. After installing drywall, it is necessary to fill and tape all of the joints with joint compound. During application of drywall joint compound, it seems that half of the material winds up on your clothes, in your hair and everywhere else but on the wall.Nov 14, 2023 · Step 2: Remove excess dry mud sticking to the surface of the garment with a handheld vacuum cleaner. Step 3: Use a toothbrush to scrub any remaining soil. Step 4: Apply dish soap or hydrogen peroxide to the muddy area, add a little bit of water, then brush it gently with a toothbrush. Keep moving in a circle. Let the mud dry completely. Using a soft bristle brush, carefully loosen the dried mud on the article of clothing. Shake the loosened mud off of the shirt, making sure that it does not get deposited on to a different part of the clothing. For small mud spots, laundering the clothes as you typically do should be enough to remove the stain.Apr 19, 2023 · First, you need a plastic knife or spoon, a hand vacuum, liquid laundry detergent, dishwashing liquid, warm water, a soft-bristled toothbrush, a washing machine, and bleach or stain remover (if the material can handle it). Begin by letting your soiled garment dry fully. Attempting to remove a mud stain from moist clothes will only make things ... Apr 19, 2023 · First, you need a plastic knife or spoon, a hand vacuum, liquid laundry detergent, dishwashing liquid, warm water, a soft-bristled toothbrush, a washing machine, and bleach or stain remover (if the material can handle it). Begin by letting your soiled garment dry fully. Attempting to remove a mud stain from moist clothes will only make things ... Step 4: Soak the Stain. Gently soak the stained area with the cleaning solution using a clean sponge or cloth. Avoid rubbing the fabric, as it could damage the delicate material. Allow the area to soak for five minutes.Let the mud stain dry — Strangely enough, mud stains are much easier to remove once they are dry. If you attempt to wash stains out while the mud is still wet, you’ll actually end up grinding the mud deeper into the fibres of the clothing. Make no attempt to wipe off the mud, and let it dry thoroughly. 3. Once …Remove Mud and Dirt Stains: Step by Step. Choose a from the range of Dynamo Professional Liquids. Use a soft brush to remove the loose dirt on dried stains. Pre-treat with some Dynamo Professional liquid detergent, if necessary. Wash the clothing at the highest temperature possible that is safe for the fabric. Check if the stain is gone.The first thing you need to think about when dealing with dirt and mud stain removal is the type of dirt or mud you’re dealing with. Dirt refers to the earth’s soil. It’s dry and can most often be wiped off before it becomes a stain. Mud, on the other hand, is a mixture of dirt and water. This stains more easily.Mud daubers do have the capacity to sting. However, mud dauber stings are unlikely and rare because they are not an aggressive species of wasp. They typically only sting if mishand...Lipstick - dab with a cotton ball soaked in rubbing alcohol. Nail varnish - freeze with an ice pack before using nail-varnish remover to dab the stain off. Powder e.g. foundation - use a hairdryer to blow the powder away and dab with makeup remover. Liquid e.g. fake tan - rub in shaving cream to remove the stain.If the mud is dry, brush what you can off with an old toothbrush. Follow washing instructions according to the care label. Spot clean the mud by rubbing the stained area with a high-quality liquid detergent, like Persil® ProClean®. Let sit for at least 5 minutes. Then, wash the garment in the washing machine (according to the care label ...Gently dab the area using undiluted white vinegar followed by cold water. 3. Wash using a Woolmark-approved detergent. grass-stain-removal-inline-fw.jpg. How to ...Many people are familiar with the spas offering body wrap treatments in special herbs and ingredients that promote weight loss and detoxification. Common ingredients used in these ...However, mud stains are a challenge. If you’ve got mud stains on your polyester, here’s what to do: Step 1: Scrape off Excess Dirt and Mud . Using a dull knife or a spoon, scrape off the excess dirt and mud that may have dried onto the fabric. Be sure to be careful not to damage the fabric in any way. Step 2: Pre …Many people are familiar with the spas offering body wrap treatments in special herbs and ingredients that promote weight loss and detoxification. Common ingredients used in these ...Dec 20, 2023 · Scrape Off Excess Mud: If the mud is still wet, gently scrape off any excess with a dull knife or the edge of a spoon. Be careful not to spread the mud further. Blot, Don’t Rub: For wet mud stains, blot the area with a clean, absorbent cloth or paper towel. Avoid rubbing, as it can push the mud deeper into the fabric. Jan 10, 2024 · Getting Stubborn Mud Stains Off Hard Surfaces. Getting Mud Off Stone Surfaces. Removing Mud From Carpet. Cleaning Special Fabrics. Cleaning Silver. Cleaning Wallpaper. Cleaning Wood. Before You Remove Mud Stains, Identify the Stained Material. Remove Mud and Dirt Stains: Step by Step. Choose a from the range of Dynamo Professional Liquids. Use a soft brush to remove the loose dirt on dried stains. Pre-treat with some Dynamo Professional liquid detergent, if necessary. Wash the clothing at the highest temperature possible that is safe for the fabric. Check if the stain is gone. Using a soft bristle brush, carefully loosen the dried mud on the article of clothing. Shake the loosened mud off of the shirt, making sure that it does not get deposited on to a different part of the clothing. For small mud spots, laundering the clothes as you typically do should be enough to remove the stain. Stick with warm if that's best for the fabric. Hot water should be between 120 and 140 degrees F, warm water between 85 and 105 degrees F and cold water between 65 and 75 degrees F. Water below 60 degrees is too cold for many detergents to be helpful in removing oily stains. 04 of 10.Mar 5, 2024 · 1. Let it Dry: First, let the mud dry completely. Attempting to remove wet mud can spread the mud further and make it harder to remove. 2. Brush off Excess: Once the mud is dry, use a soft-bristled brush or a spoon to gently brush off as much of the dried mud as possible. Be careful not to grind the mud further into the fabric. Before each mud season, keep a bag of sand in your car or a small box of cat litter. If you get stuck, spread sand around the tires to increase grip. 6. Put the mat under the tire. If your car is stuck in the mud, change to parking mode. Take the mat out of the car and place each mat under each tire.Allow the mud stain to dry to avoid further smearing the mud across a larger area. If it's a sunny day, you can pop it outside to speed up the process. ... Scrape ...Over the years, Real Simple's editors have figured out how to tackle every single type of stain imaginable.Whether you need to know how to remove ink stains from your favorite blouse or how to remove coffee stains from a scarf, we've tested out multiple methods to find the best solution. Here, we're compiling all of our tried-and-true stain …Remove Mud stains: Let the stain dry then brush off as much mud as possible. Let it soak overnight in water with Purex detergent and 20 Mule Team Borax.During the rain our clothes are prone to all kinds of stains, but mud stains are the most common & toughest to get rid off. Here's a quick way to get rid of ...But you need to treat it before you wash it, once it is washed the stain is set. Not necessarily. I have a sweatshirt that was stained with cow poop - it had been washed and dried 2 or 3 times previously. I washed it with either Oxy Clean or Clorox pre-wash spray and, lo and behold, it came out with no stain.Experts at Persil share their expert tips on how to get blood stains out of delicate clothes: Silk: 'Pour a cup of cold water into a spray bottle and stir in one teaspoon of salt. Apply the solution to the …Whether you have a closet full of items you don’t wear or you just need to make some extra cash fast, selling your used clothes is a great way to do it, especially if you like to w...Mar 14, 2023 · If the stain persists, dip another cotton pad into rubbing alcohol and use it to flush the stain. Opt for another liquid such as a solution of water and vinegar if the fabric is rayon or acetate. Allow the moist cotton pad to sit on the stain for as long as possible. Keep checking the pad to see if it picks up the stain. Remove mud stains from your clothes by following these 10 steps: Let the mud dry. Scrape off the mud. Identify the material. Check the care label. Soak in detergent. Rub the stain. Apply stain remover. How to Remove Mud Stains: A Step-by-Step Guide Step 1: Let the Mud Dry. The first step in removing mud stains is counter-intuitive: you should let the mud dry. Wet mud can be tempting to clean immediately and let it sit there, but you risk pushing the mud deeper into the fabric. Dried mud, on the other hand, is easier to remove.Before each mud season, keep a bag of sand in your car or a small box of cat litter. If you get stuck, spread sand around the tires to increase grip. 6. Put the mat under the tire. If your car is stuck in the mud, change to parking mode. Take the mat out of the car and place each mat under each tire.If the mud stains persist, it's possible that they were caused by an iron-based clay. ... How to Get Every Kind of Paint Out of Clothes. How to Remove Pen Ink from Clothes Quickly .How To Get Mud Out Of Clothes The challenge: While Dear Husband and I were enjoying the Sunday morning “Gospel Set” at last summer’s music fest, the girls got bored. So they asked if they could explore a cave in the nearby rock formations with a bunch of other kids.Pre-treat the stain. Now that you have your materials ready, it’s time to pre-treat the set-in mud stain. Start by gently brushing off any dried mud from the surface of the fabric using a soft-bristled brush. Be careful not to push the mud deeper into the fibers. Once you’ve removed the loose dirt, dampen a white cloth or sponge with warm ...Step 4: Wash Your Clothes. After pre-treatment, wash your clothes in the washing machine at the hottest wash temperature recommended for the type of fabric. Use your regular detergent and add a cup of white vinegar to the wash cycle. The vinegar will help to further break down the clay and remove the stain.Use a wet toothbrush to work away at the stain. The key here is not to soak the entire garment in water, or the mud will dissolve and permeate all the fabric. Instead, wet a toothbrush and use a few drops of water to scrub the detergent into the stain. Rub the stain from both sides of the fabric in a circular motion, and you …Our top stain removal tip is: Do not rub the stain or try to wipe it whilst mud is wet, this will lead to smearing. Let the mud dry and treat it at home. Let the mud dry thoroughly; do not attempt to wipe off the mud. It will only smear the stain onto more of the clothing. Once the mud stain has dried, try shaking or vacuuming the area …If you want to feel confident and looked good, you should always have these five pieces of men’s clothing in your closet. Not only will they help you look your best, but they will ...Remember you want to try to remove as much poop as you can before putting the clothes into the washing machine!. Step 3. Apply Stain Remover. This is not a well-known fact, but poop contains proteins. Because of this, you’ll need to pre treat stains using an enzymatic cleaner to break down the proteins.You have the option to either use …Image Source: Mojang and Microsoft. For a faster method, you can splash water onto a dirt block to create mud. All you need to do is craft a Water Botte by filling up an empty Glass Bottle.1/4 cup baking soda. Juice of half a lemon (organic and fair trade, in-season if possible) This recipe makes about 1/2 cup of homemade stain remover. It will keep for 2-3 months in a cool, dry place. It does not need to be refrigerated. 1. Grate the Soap. Grate 1/4 cup of soap. (Foto: Annie Granger / Utopia)The Cherokee Indians lived in log cabins reinforced with mud and wood. They settled in the southeast woodland region of America, although originally they were from the Great Lakes ...Borax directly on the stains after a cold rinse, wash with detergent, do not dry in dryer. Repeat until stain lifts. ground_hogs • 6 yr. ago. Gall soap is also amazing. I think you can find it on amazon. [deleted] • 6 yr. ago.How to Clean Muddy Leather Boots. 1. Remove Loose Dirt. Wait until the mud on the boots has fully dried. Using either a soft-bristled brush or soft cloth, wipe off …If the mud is dry, brush what you can off with an old toothbrush. Follow washing instructions according to the care label. Spot clean the mud by rubbing the stained area with a high-quality liquid detergent, like Persil® ProClean®. Let sit for at least 5 minutes. Then, wash the garment in the washing machine (according to the care label ...Jul 25, 2023 · To get mud out of clothes, start by letting the mud dry and brushing off as much as possible. Then, pretreat the stained area with a mixture of liquid detergent and water before washing the clothes in the washing machine on a normal cycle. Credit: www.windowworld.com Introduction To Mud Stains On Clothes Mud stains on […] Mud stains can be a pain to get out of clothes, especially jeans. If you don’t have time to wash the entire garment, there are a few steps you can take to get the mud out. 1. Start by scraping off as much of the mud as possible with a spoon or with your hands. 2. Next, mix 1 tablespoon of liquid laundry detergent …So your vinyl siding is starting to look a little bit dirty. Maybe mildew is gathering on the shady side of the house or mud has splashed up onto the base Expert Advice On Improvin...Mix a squirt of liquid dish soap into a cup of warm water; then dip a white cloth into the liquid. Blot the dirty spots, holding the cloth atop the carpet for several seconds each time. Check the cloth frequently and rotate it to prevent putting dirt back onto the carpet. Wipe the area again with a rinsed white cloth; then blot up as much ...CHPT3 x Clothes Doctor - https://chpt3.com/pages/chpt3-x-clothes-doctorCycling can be a dirty business. And nowadays, we like to get dirty. A dusty or muddy ...With acetate clothes, it’s best to leave it to a professional dry cleaner – they will understand how to get mud stains out of clothes and remove grass stains without damaging the material. Seek professional advice! For even more advice on how to remove mud and grass stains, check out our advice on how to use laundry …Borax directly on the stains after a cold rinse, wash with detergent, do not dry in dryer. Repeat until stain lifts. ground_hogs • 6 yr. ago. Gall soap is also amazing. I think you can find it on amazon. [deleted] • 6 yr. ago.The longer the mud stain sits, the harder it is to get out of clothes–but the steps you follow are the same. If the mud stain is older and set in to the garment, you may need to soak the stain for a longer period of time, or allow the enzyme based cleaner, like our Ultra Concentrated Stain & Odor Laundry Detergent , to sit directly on the …On National Laundry Day, Patric stopped by to share the tricks for getting grass, dirt and mud, wine, berries, and egg stains out of your garments. You can watch Patric’s show, “The Laundry ... Pre-Soak. Pre-soak in warm water with powder detergent for at least one hour. Dirty water means it’s working. Jan 29, 2024 · Allow to sit for up to 30 minutes. Rinse the back of the stain with cool water for a few minutes. Respray the area with vinegar. Fill a bucket or sink with about a gallon of water. Add ½ cup of vinegar to the water and a couple tablespoons of laundry detergent. Allow the fabric to soak overnight. Jun 28, 2023 · Instead, use lukewarm water. Once the stain remover has soaked into fabric for several minutes, rinse it off with cool water and then gently scrub the area with a soft brush. If the stain is still present, repeat the process again until the stain is completely gone. Finally, wash the Merino according to the care label instructions. The Cherokee Indians lived in log cabins reinforced with mud and wood. They settled in the southeast woodland region of America, although originally they were from the Great Lakes ...Nov 11, 2013 · Subscribe Now:http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=ehowatHomeChannelWatch More:http://www.youtube.com/ehowatHomeChannelYou can clean drywall j... Soak overnight. it’s not advisable to soak clothes with hydrogen peroxide overnight, but you can soak washable whites in a solution of bleach and water overnight. For non-whites, soak them in water and a dishwashing agent. Wash the clothes in warm water and rinse thoroughly. Ensure the stain is no more …For fresh stains, blot the affected area with a clean cloth to remove any excess. Then, apply a small amount of hydrogen peroxide directly to the stain. Gently rub the peroxide into the fabric and let it sit for a few minutes. Rinse the garment with cold water and wash as usual.Rinse them thoroughly to get any remaining soap off and let them air-dry. 2. Vacuum Interior. With the floor mats removed, run your vacuum throughout the interior of your car. Use the attachments ...Mar 14, 2023 · If the stain persists, dip another cotton pad into rubbing alcohol and use it to flush the stain. Opt for another liquid such as a solution of water and vinegar if the fabric is rayon or acetate. Allow the moist cotton pad to sit on the stain for as long as possible. Keep checking the pad to see if it picks up the stain. Faith and business don’t always go hand in hand. But Rock of Wisdom Apparel brings faith and business together. Faith and business don’t always go hand in hand. But they do for Roc...Definitely not out of place to ask about care of your jersey or other stuff over there. Cucoloris 3 mo. ago. Biz. Put a scoop of powdered Biz in a bucket and fill with hot water. Add jerseys, soak for at least 4 hours, I just leave it over night. Pour off water, wash the wet jerseys as always. Hang dry so the stains do not set.Mud stains on clothing represent a formidable challenge in the realm of garment care, particularly for individuals engaged in outdoor activities or those managing family laundry. This comprehensive guide, on how to get mud out of clothes, is meticulously written with real-life experience to provide an in-depth …Learn how to clean mud spots and odors from your clothes with simple steps and tips. Find out what products and methods work best for different types of fabrics and mud.On National Laundry Day, Patric stopped by to share the tricks for getting grass, dirt and mud, wine, berries, and egg stains out of your garments. You can watch Patric’s show, “The Laundry ...Cleaning Dirt Stains off Clothing By Soaking. Getting Dirt Stains out of Jeans with Laundry Detergent. How to Get Dirt Stains out of Clothes with Stain …My Ways to Get Mud Out of Car Seats. While a mud stain seems impossible to remove, there are ways to clean it and restore the car seat surface. Discover several ways to keep your car upholstery free from dirt and clean mud off white clothes if any mess transfers onto you while cleaning your car seats.. When …Dec 19, 2023 · 1 cup lukewarm water. Spray bottle. tb1234. Shake the soap and water in the sprayer, saturate the mud mark, and use your fingers to work the liquid into the dirt stain. Rinse with cool water and repeat until no signs of mud remain. Wash your white clothes in the washing machine, and dry as usual. Step 1: Pretreat and scrub the clothing. Once you discover mold on your clothing, check other garments nearby to see if they have been affected, and then gather all of the moldy items. If the ...Paving a driveway has lots of advantages. It makes life more convenient because you and your car won’t be slipping on loose mud or grass whenever it rains. An asphalt driveway can ...Wash, Soak, and Scrub. Wash the shoes by hand using a small amount of liquid laundry detergent mixed with water. Pre-treat stains by applying detergent directly to the spot and allowing it to sit for at least 15 minutes. Clean the entire shoe by scrubbing with a sponge or cloth dipped in the detergent solution.Jan 29, 2024 · Allow to sit for up to 30 minutes. Rinse the back of the stain with cool water for a few minutes. Respray the area with vinegar. Fill a bucket or sink with about a gallon of water. Add ½ cup of vinegar to the water and a couple tablespoons of laundry detergent. Allow the fabric to soak overnight. Allow the mud stain to dry to avoid further smearing the mud across a larger area. If it's a sunny day, you can pop it outside to speed up the process. ... Scrape ...Jul 25, 2023 · To get mud out of clothes, start by letting the mud dry and brushing off as much as possible. Then, pretreat the stained area with a mixture of liquid detergent and water before washing the clothes in the washing machine on a normal cycle. Credit: www.windowworld.com Introduction To Mud Stains On Clothes Mud stains on […] If you want to feel confident and looked good, you should always have these five pieces of men’s clothing in your closet. Not only will they help you look your best, but they will ...
Utilizing Oxiclean to Get Rid of Mud Stains on Clothes. 6. Baking soda for Cleaning Mud-Stained Clothes. 7. Cleaning Clothes with Hydrogen Peroxide to Remove Mud Stains. 8. White Vinegar Can Be Used to Remove Mud from Clothes. 9. Remove mud from clothes using Chlorine Bleach or Color-Safe Bleach. . Windshield crack repair near me
This method is for clothes with a heavy smell of sulfur. Place dried clothes inside a garbage bag or a dry cleaning plastic. Add one-half cup of baking soda and seal the plastic bag. Let it sit for one to three days. Make a baking soda solution from a bucketful of water and one cup baking soda. Soak the clothes for a few hours.Here are 5 online shopping tips for kids clothing by HowStuffWorks. Learn more in this article about 5 online shopping tips for kids clothing. Advertisement From strategies to supe...Jan 29, 2024 · Allow to sit for up to 30 minutes. Rinse the back of the stain with cool water for a few minutes. Respray the area with vinegar. Fill a bucket or sink with about a gallon of water. Add ½ cup of vinegar to the water and a couple tablespoons of laundry detergent. Allow the fabric to soak overnight. Jan 29, 2024 · Allow to sit for up to 30 minutes. Rinse the back of the stain with cool water for a few minutes. Respray the area with vinegar. Fill a bucket or sink with about a gallon of water. Add ½ cup of vinegar to the water and a couple tablespoons of laundry detergent. Allow the fabric to soak overnight. Apr 19, 2023 · First, you need a plastic knife or spoon, a hand vacuum, liquid laundry detergent, dishwashing liquid, warm water, a soft-bristled toothbrush, a washing machine, and bleach or stain remover (if the material can handle it). Begin by letting your soiled garment dry fully. Attempting to remove a mud stain from moist clothes will only make things ... Aug 9, 2023 · Use a wet toothbrush to work away at the stain. The key here is not to soak the entire garment in water, or the mud will dissolve and permeate all the fabric. Instead, wet a toothbrush and use a few drops of water to scrub the detergent into the stain. Rub the stain from both sides of the fabric in a circular motion, and you should see the ... CHPT3 x Clothes Doctor - https://chpt3.com/pages/chpt3-x-clothes-doctorCycling can be a dirty business. And nowadays, we like to get dirty. A dusty or muddy ...Place the garment down on a flat surface and tuck a paper towel inside the garment, right behind the stain. Soak a cotton ball with rubbing alcohol and blot the stain with it. If necessary, repeat the process inside the garment. Remove the paper towel from the inside, and if needed, rinse the stain with water.Many carpet stains can be removed with a simple solution of dish soap like Dawn, white vinegar, and water. Mix 1 tablespoon of dish soap with 1/4 cup of white vinegar and 2 cups of water. Work the solution into the carpet from the outside of the stain inward to prevent spreading. Blot with a damp cloth to remove soapy residue, air dry fully ...If you're looking into how to sell clothes online, there are many ways you could do it. But how do you grab attention to your business? Here's what you need to know. Selling clothe...Get back out there feeling fresh and confident with our expert stain removal tips and tricks – from how to get grease stains out to how to get red wine stains out, we’ve got all bases covered. Stains mean experience, so getting them is good, but removing them quickly is even better. Discover our helpful laundry advice and stain removing ...Put wrinkled clothes in the dryer. Get a handful of ice cubes (4 or 5 should do the trick). Place ice cubes into the dryer with wrinkled clothes.Many people are familiar with the spas offering body wrap treatments in special herbs and ingredients that promote weight loss and detoxification. Common ingredients used in these ...Take a brush and dip it in soapy warm water. Whether it’s boots or muddy trainers, a soft brush is always best, so you don’t damage the material. Scrub at the dirty areas with a bit of pressure, then use a clean sheet of strong kitchen paper to wipe off leftover water/mud. Deal with your laces and insoles. Soak your laces in hot soapy water ...Use a wet toothbrush to work away at the stain. The key here is not to soak the entire garment in water, or the mud will dissolve and permeate all the fabric. Instead, wet a toothbrush and use a few drops of water to scrub the detergent into the stain. Rub the stain from both sides of the fabric in a circular motion, and you …Apr 5, 2023 · Next, mix one tablespoon of dish soap with two cups of warm water, apply it to a cloth, and use it to treat the stain—don’t rub hard, just dab gently. Blot with a clean cloth and, if necessary ... So your vinyl siding is starting to look a little bit dirty. Maybe mildew is gathering on the shady side of the house or mud has splashed up onto the base Expert Advice On Improvin...Let’s check out 10 Quick Ways to Get Mud out of clothes. 1. Using Everyday Items. Drying the clothing first is the greatest way to get rid of mud stains. This is especially useful for removing mud off stained jeans or other mud-caked surfaces because washing mud-caked surfaces in water just makes the mess worse.This method is for clothes with a heavy smell of sulfur. Place dried clothes inside a garbage bag or a dry cleaning plastic. Add one-half cup of baking soda and seal the plastic bag. Let it sit for one to three days. Make a baking soda solution from a bucketful of water and one cup baking soda. Soak the clothes for a few hours.How to Get Dirt Stains Out of Clothes: A Step-by-Step Guide Step 1: Let the Mud Dry. Contrary to what you might think, the easiest way to remove mud stains is to let the mud dry first. Trying to clean wet mud will only spread the dirt and push it deeper into the fabric, making the stain more difficult to remove.Learn how to remove mud stains from clothes with simple steps and tips. Find out how to treat dry and wet mud, how to prevent mud stains, and how to deal ….