Aug 11, 2022 · The forthcoming Universal Hip Hop Museum (UHHM) is getting off on the right foot with an exhibit called the “[R]Evolution of Hip Hop,” focusing on the genre’s golden age. The years between ...May 2, 2023 · A vacant waterfront site in the booming South Bronx will give way to an enormous affordable housing complex with 1,045 residential units, a home for the much-hyped Universal Hip-Hop Museum, a ... The UK Hip Hop Museum is built on the ethos of preserving, celebrating, and elevating the rich culture and history of hip hop. We believe in the power of hip hop as a transformative and influential art form that has the ability to inspire, educate, and unite communities in the United Kingdom and the world. The Universal Hip Hop Museum (UHHM) broke ground on a 52,000 SF state-of-the-art facility two miles south of where Hip Hop was born. The creation of a permanent cultural institution to preserve and celebrate the global evolution of Hip Hop is now a reality. The museum’s gorgeous waterfront locationBrett Volker is a creative entrepreneur working across the music, art and tech landscape.… · Experience: The Hip Hop Museum · Education: Monash University · Location: New York, New York ...Dec 28, 2023 · Hip Hop Corner at the Neues Museum Biel/Nouveau Musée Bienne (NMB), permanent show since February 2023: "Biel und der Röstigraben"/"Bienne et la barrière de rösti"= Bienna and the rösti-barrier (the rösti-barrier = french/german cultural barrier in Switzerland). 5 mio. U$ of support by the US-federal to build the Universal Hip Hop Museum ...Feb 16, 2023 · New York Hip Hop heads are waiting with bated breath for the Universal Hip Hop Museum’s (UHHM) opening in 2024. In the meantime, museum curators have developed a series of rotating exhibitions housed at their temporary location in the Bronx Terminal Market. [R]evolution of Hip Hop, which started with the global movement’s origins in the mid ... Jan 30, 2024 · THE ART OF HIP HOP. From the minds of the Museum of Graffiti comes a new Miami-based museum celebrating the unsung heroes behind the rich history of Hip Hop. Alan Ket and Allison Freidin, co-founders of the Museum of Graffiti, have embarked on a new project — The Art of Hip Hop — that celebrates the unsung heroes of the genre.Nov 7, 2023 · Allison Freidin & Alan Ket – Co-Founders of Museum of Graffiti & Art of Hip Hop. Doors will open daily from 11 am to 6 pm, starting on December 5, 2023, taking over the entire building located ...The Universal Hip Hop Museum, a 52,000-square-foot cultural center, broke ground in May 2021 near the site of hip-hop's birth in 1973. The museum aims to … The Mission of the Hip Hop Hall of Fame Museum is to promote and preserve the past, present, and future of hip-hop music and cultural arts. Additionally, we aim to highlight the role of hip-hop music & culture within culture overall and explore its social impact on the world. By doing so, we create and support projects that develop, inspire ... Jul 31, 2023 · If you want to see a hip-hop exhibit right now, your best best is [R]Evolution of Hip Hop, curated by The Universal Hip Hop Museum. This pop-up exhibit is tucked inside Bronx Terminal Market and ... Aug 16, 2022 · An opening date has been set for S9 Architecture’s Universal Hip Hop Museum (UHHM) project in the South Bronx.. Located on the site claiming to be the birthplace of hip hop, the new $80 million museum, which is part of a larger $349 million mixed-use residential development called Bronx Point, will open sometime in …Feb 7, 2023 · On a rainy afternoon last Friday at the African American Museum and Library of Oakland (AAMLO), artists and organizers unveiled the first-ever historical archive dedicated entirely to Bay Area hip-hop. The museum also inducted an initial group of 15 honorees, ranging from writers to photographers to classic local venues, that have contributed ...Dec 2022. Located in the south Bronx, the Universal Hip Hop Museum has been years in the making. Intended to preserve and celebrate the …Join The Hip Hop Museum for our inaugural benefit gala and celebrate ”50 Years of Hip Hop History: From NYC to the World.” The event will take place on August 24, 2023, 7pm at the iconic Cipriani, 25 Broadway, New York, NY. At this unforgettable evening, we will welcome and honor the trailblazers, innovators, and business visionaries who have shaped Hip …The Mission of the Hip Hop Hall of Fame Museum is to promote and preserve the past, present, and future of hip-hop music and cultural arts. Additionally, we aim to highlight the role of hip-hop music & culture within culture overall and explore its social impact on the world. By doing so, we create and support projects that develop, inspire ...Nov 29, 2023 · A UK hip-hop museum is set to be established in London by Kurtis Blow and Troy Harewood. Built on the ethos of "preserving, celebrating, and elevating the rich culture and history of hip-hop," the UK Hip Hop Museum is a groundbreaking initiative led by pioneering rap artist Kurtis Blow and UK B-boy Troy Harewood. With its aim to become the ...May 2, 2023 · A vacant waterfront site in the booming South Bronx will give way to an enormous affordable housing complex with 1,045 residential units, a home for the much-hyped Universal Hip-Hop Museum, a ...Oct 20, 2023 · The Hip Hop Museum in the Bronx celebrates and preserves the history of local and global Hip Hop music and culture to inspire, empower, and promote understanding. Anchored in the birthplace of the culture, The Hip Hop Museum, opening in 2025 in the Bronx, will provide a space for audiences, artists, and technology to converge, creating ...Dec 19, 2018 · Yesterday, New York State Governor Andrew Cuomo announced a grant funding of $3.5 million for The Universal Hip Hop Museum (UHHM), which will help build a state-of-the-art exhibit dedicated to the celebration of the past, present and future of hip-hop and its undeniable culture.The Universal Hip Hop Museum is set to open in 2023 to coincide with the 50th …Feb 9, 2023 · Meanwhile, in the Bronx, the “[R]Evolution of Hip Hop" exhibit explores the genre from 1986-1990, known as the golden era of hip-hop. By 2024, The Universal Hip Hop Museum is slated to open in ... May 23, 2021 · The event also served as the official launch of the Universal Hip Hop Museum’s capital campaign. The UHHM will celebrate and preserve the history of local and global rap music and culture past ...May 20, 2021 · ROCKY BUCANO - FOUNDER AND EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Rocky Bucano is President and Chairman of the Board of the Universal Hip Hop Museum. He is also a licensed financial advisor who specializes in investments, Medicare health plans, estate planning, retirement and insurance. In 1987, Rocky Bucano left his television career behind to launch …Hip Hop - Museum of Youth Culture. When we think of Hip Hop we get drawn to America, but when this exciting music first cross the Atlantic in 1979 an incredible British … Take a glimpse into the Metaverse World of The Hip Hop Museum (THHM). See digital artifacts and memorabilia through immersion in THHM’s virtual experience sponsored by Microsoft. Visit the recording studio, or hang out in the lounge in the Metaverse world of the Hip Hop Museum. This virtual event takes place via the online platform Spatial. May 25, 2021 · Anna Rahmanan. Tuesday May 25 2021. New York is one step closer to calling the much-anticipated Universal Hip Hop Museum its own: just a few days ago, A-listers headed to the Bronx to celebrate ...Dec 20, 2023 · C hicago Hip-Hop Heritage Museum cofounder Darrell Roberts often finds himself having to set visitors straight when it comes to the focus of the Grand Boulevard-based institution, which opened in 2021.. Roberts, a Roseland-raised graffiti writer nicknamed “Artistic,” says some tour goers are expecting that rap legends Notorious …May 7, 2022 · The Bronx, NY - Today, the Universal Hip Hop Museum is excited to announce their new partnershipwith Microsoft, as the leading global technology company gifts the museum $5,000,000 on behalf oftheir AI Cultural Heritage Initiative. This partnership will help memorialize and preserve the globalhistory of Hip Hop using innovative technology to enhance the future museum’s His vision for hip-hop transcends music; it’s about establishing a new civilization, a mission he believes he was born to fulfill. KRS-ONE remains steadfast in his belief in hip-hop as a transformative force, integral to his life and purpose. Dive into the world of KRS-ONE, 'The Teacha,' and explore his influential role in shaping hip-hop as ...Aug 7, 2023 · But beginning this month, the Saint Louis Art Museum is going to try. The Culture: Hip Hop and Contemporary Art in the 21st Century opens August 19 and runs through January 1, 2024. St. Louis will be the second stop for the exhibition, which was created in partnership with the Baltimore Museum of Art. It opened at the BMA in April to much fanfare. The vision for the museum centres on "five pillars" of hip-hop culture: DJing, emceeing, graffiti, breakdancing and knowledge. Four decades on from becoming the first …May 21, 2021 · The Universal Hip Hop Museum is part of a $349 million mixed-use project along the waterfront in the South Bronx Published May 21, 2021 • Updated on May 22, 2021 at 11:43 am NBC Universal, Inc.The Hip Hop Museum has been documenting the journey from concept to our groundbreaking. Check out some of our videos and join our YouTube Channel to stay in the loop. The Hip Hop Museum officially broke ground in the Bronx, the birthplace of Hip Hop, on May 20 2021. The THHM will open in 2024. Thank you to our team, partners, and supporters for ...Mar 11, 2024 · In honor of the 50th anniversary of hip-hop, Wynwood's groundbreaking Museum of Graffiti opened The Art of Hip Hop, an exhibition space highlighting the photographers, album cover artists, fashion ...Jan 10, 2021 · A man of many talents, Geechie Dan is an award-winning rapper from Hollis, Queens. He grew up during hip-hop’s golden era amongst icons like Run DMC and LL Cool J. The young artist began collecting audio recording and memorabilia from local hip-hop parties that would soon become The Hip-Hop Museum that has recently opened its doors to the public.Mar 11, 2024 · In honor of the 50th anniversary of hip-hop, Wynwood's groundbreaking Museum of Graffiti opened The Art of Hip Hop, an exhibition space highlighting the photographers, album cover artists, fashion ...Feb 9, 2023 · Meanwhile, in the Bronx, the “[R]Evolution of Hip Hop" exhibit explores the genre from 1986-1990, known as the golden era of hip-hop. By 2024, The Universal Hip Hop Museum is slated to open in ... Mar 22, 2024 · From the earliest days of the National Museum of African American History and Culture in 2009, one thing was clear — hip-hop would be included. Though we started with nothing, the Hip-Hop Collection now includes over 300 objects: equipment, clothing, jewelry, photographs, manuscripts, albums, cassettes, CDs, poetry journals, handwritten …the bronx. 5/20/21. The Universal Hip Hop Museum, which had its groundbreaking ceremony along the Harlem River on Thursday featuring such NYC rap legends as LL Cool J, Nas, Fat Joe and Grandmaster ...Mar 22, 2024 · From the earliest days of the National Museum of African American History and Culture in 2009, one thing was clear — hip-hop would be included. Though we started with nothing, the Hip-Hop Collection now includes over 300 objects: equipment, clothing, jewelry, photographs, manuscripts, albums, cassettes, CDs, poetry journals, handwritten …Take a glimpse into the Metaverse World of The Hip Hop Museum (THHM). See digital artifacts and memorabilia through immersion in THHM’s virtual experience sponsored by Microsoft. Visit the recording studio, or hang out in the lounge in the Metaverse world of the Hip Hop Museum. This virtual event takes place via the online platform Spatial.May 21, 2021 · Hip Hop legend Nas, LL Cool J, Fat Joe, Lil Kim, Borough President Diaz, city agencies and hip hop luminaries took part in a celebration of the $349 million South Bronx development along the Harlem River waterfront. BP Diaz delivered a $4.2 million grant to launch the Universal Hip Hop Museum’s capital campaign Aug 16, 2022 · An opening date has been set for S9 Architecture ’s Universal Hip Hop Museum (UHHM) project in the South Bronx. Located on the site claiming to be the birthplace of hip hop, the new $80 million museum, which is part of a larger $349 million mixed-use residential development called Bronx Point, will open sometime in 2024. Sep 7, 2023 · The GRAMMY Museum is celebrating the 50th anniversary of hip-hop this fall with the newly announced Hip-Hop America: The Mixtape Exhibit, an immersive, interactive, 5,000-square foot experience celebrating the multifaceted world of hip-hop and the global impact and influence of the genre and culture.Launching Saturday, Oct. 7, and running …Feb 9, 2023 · By 2024, The Universal Hip Hop Museum is slated to open in the Bronx. See "Fresh, Fly, and Fabulous: Fifty Years of Hip Hop Style" at the Museum at FIT (227 W 27th in Chelsea) through April 23 ... Video Music Box and The Hip Hop Museum, in partnership with the Mayor’s Office of the City of New York, will kick off the 50th Anniversary celebration of Hip Hop culture with “The Drip: 50 Years of Hip Hop Fashion,” a live runway show at The Venue at the Hard Rock Hotel Times Square on Friday, Feb. 24th from 7 pm to 11 pm. Jan 3, 2024 · The UK Hip Hop Museum was founded by Troy Harewood and Kurtis Blow. UKHHM is built on the ethos of preserving, celebrating, and elevating the rich culture and history of hip-hop.Aug 7, 2023 · But beginning this month, the Saint Louis Art Museum is going to try. The Culture: Hip Hop and Contemporary Art in the 21st Century opens August 19 and runs through January 1, 2024. St. Louis will be the second stop for the exhibition, which was created in partnership with the Baltimore Museum of Art. It opened at the BMA in April to much fanfare.May 21, 2021 · The Universal Hip Hop Museum is part of a $349 million mixed-use project along the waterfront in the South Bronx Published May 21, 2021 • Updated on May 22, 2021 at 11:43 am NBC Universal, Inc.Mar 1, 2021 · There will be a soft opening to celebrate hip-hop’s 50th anniversary of the Bronx born culture and musical genre in 2023 and a full museum opening in 2024. The UHHM will be the “cultural anchor” of the $65 million dollar Bronx Point project, said the UHHM website. Once completed, the Universal Hip Hop Museum will span nearly …Dec 20, 2023 · C hicago Hip-Hop Heritage Museum cofounder Darrell Roberts often finds himself having to set visitors straight when it comes to the focus of the Grand Boulevard-based institution, which opened in 2021.. Roberts, a Roseland-raised graffiti writer nicknamed “Artistic,” says some tour goers are expecting that rap legends Notorious …Mar 3, 2023 · Experience Hip Hop music and culture across the globe from the dawn of musicology. Come fuel your creativity, engage your mind and hearts. Be inspired! Plan Your Visit ... Stay connected to the New Orleans Hip Hop Museum for the latest news, stories, exhibitions, events and visitor information.Feb 16, 2023 · New York Hip Hop heads are waiting with bated breath for the Universal Hip Hop Museum’s (UHHM) opening in 2024. In the meantime, museum curators have developed a series of rotating exhibitions ... JayQuan serves as The Minister of Information for Grandmaster Flash & The Furious 5 and he is the official historian for the Hip-Hop Museum in D.C., as well as a member of the curatorial board for the Universal Hip-Hop Museum in The Bronx. Additionally, Jay is well-versed in the histories of Progressive Jazz, Soul/R&B, and Funk.Jun 6, 2023 · Don’t let anyone tell you differently. When it comes down to 80s and 90s Hip Hop, Harlem native Dapper Dan is the originator of luxury streetwear. His efforts transformed hustler flash and b-boy styling into the most coveted and influential apparel — designs that for the last forty years have influenced high fashion and European runways.Oct 21, 2023 · The museum's The Hip-Hop Shop, located in separate space at 1919 8th St. NW, carries a collection featuring Ice-T, Eminem, Big L and Ol' Dirty Bastard, with others, including Chuck D, in the works.Aug 7, 2023 · But beginning this month, the Saint Louis Art Museum is going to try. The Culture: Hip Hop and Contemporary Art in the 21st Century opens August 19 and runs through January 1, 2024. St. Louis will be the second stop for the exhibition, which was created in partnership with the Baltimore Museum of Art. It opened at the BMA in April to much fanfare.The Hip Hop Museum is an Equal Employment Opportunity Employer. Powered by JazzHR. GmGWB8dVVI Show more Show less Seniority level Director Employment type Full-time ...Dec 28, 2023 · Hip Hop Corner at the Neues Museum Biel/Nouveau Musée Bienne (NMB), permanent show since February 2023: "Biel und der Röstigraben"/"Bienne et la barrière de rösti"= Bienna and the rösti-barrier (the rösti-barrier = french/german cultural barrier in Switzerland). 5 mio. U$ of support by the US-federal to build the Universal Hip Hop Museum ...The Hip Hop Museum in the Bronx celebrates and preserves the history of local and global Hip Hop. Learn about the five elements of Hip Hop, shop for merchandise, donate, and …Jan 30, 2024 · THE ART OF HIP HOP. From the minds of the Museum of Graffiti comes a new Miami-based museum celebrating the unsung heroes behind the rich history of Hip Hop. Alan Ket and Allison Freidin, co-founders of the Museum of Graffiti, have embarked on a new project — The Art of Hip Hop — that celebrates the unsung heroes of the genre.May 20, 2021 · The Universal Hip Hop Museum, which had its groundbreaking ceremony along the Harlem River on Thursday featuring such NYC rap legends as LL Cool J, Nas, Fat Joe and Grandmaster Flash. The museum ... May 25, 2021 · Anna Rahmanan. Tuesday May 25 2021. New York is one step closer to calling the much-anticipated Universal Hip Hop Museum its own: just a few days ago, A-listers headed to the Bronx to celebrate ...Learn about the history and impact of hip hop culture in the Bronx, where it originated in 1973. The Universal Hip Hop Museum, designed by S9 Architecture and Marvel, will open in 2024 with a park …Jun 29, 2021 · The Universal Hip Hop Museum at Bronx Point. The Universal Hip Hop Museum is set to open in 2024 and will be the first museum dedicated to the preservation of Hip Hop. The museum is part of a $349 million mixed-use project to transform Bronx Point along the Harlem River waterfront. The museum broke ground this past May after ten years of work ...Aug 10, 2023 · The Universal Hip Hop Museum, a new massive facility in the Bronx—the New York borough where hip hop was born 50 years ago this week—is scheduled to open in 2025.May 17, 2023 · Source: UHHM / UHHM. In an exclusive interview, we got the chance to speak with Rocky Bucano, the director of the Universal Hip-Hop Museum about the institution’s plans this year for Hip-Hop’s ...The Universal Hip Hop Museum (UHHM) showcases the late-'80s era of hip-hop culture with artifacts, videos and more at The Bronx Terminal Market. The UHHM is a …Jan 19, 2021 · An official groundbreaking ceremony will happen later this year. Hip Hop's birth is said have happened at a Bronx party inside a building on Sedgwick Avenue in 1973. The museum's organizers hope ... The Hip Hop Museum, The Bronx. 102,645 likes · 16,811 talking about this · 5,959 were here. The Universal Hip Hop Museum is now The Hip Hop Museum opening summer of 2025.Nov 29, 2023 · A UK hip-hop museum is set to be established in London by Kurtis Blow and Troy Harewood. Built on the ethos of "preserving, celebrating, and elevating the rich culture and history of hip-hop," the UK Hip Hop Museum is a groundbreaking initiative led by pioneering rap artist Kurtis Blow and UK B-boy Troy Harewood. With its aim to become the ...October 26, 2023. The Universal Hip Hop Museum just announced they will be officially changing their name to “The Hip Hop Museum.”. The name change comes as part of the institution’s ongoing ...Oct 11, 2023 · About The Hip-Hop ShopThe Hip-Hop Shop is the flagship retail and event space of the National Hip-Hop Museum. Open since January, 2023, it features the East Coast’s largest selection of hip-hop ...Mar 29, 2023 · An advocacy group wants New York City Mayor Eric Adams to end all taxpayer funding for the Universal Hip Hop Museum. Hip Hop Stands With Survivors call for Mayor Adams to end NYC’s connection to ...May 23, 2021 · The event also served as the official launch of the Universal Hip Hop Museum’s capital campaign. The UHHM will celebrate and preserve the history of local and global rap music and culture past ...6 days ago · September 24, 2015. Hip Hop Music & Culture will now join that legacy in Harlem as the Hip Hop Hall of Fame + Museum is set to open up its offices on the historic 125 th St. There will be a press & community open-house event scheduled to kick-off the Hip Hop History Month Celebration in November. The office space will include a …Sep 25, 2017 · The long-awaited home for the Universal Hip-Hop Museum has finally been announced. Starting in 2022 when development is complete, the museum will be nestled in the heart of one of hip-hop's …JayQuan serves as The Minister of Information for Grandmaster Flash & The Furious 5 and he is the official historian for the Hip-Hop Museum in D.C., as well as a member of the curatorial board for the Universal Hip-Hop Museum in The Bronx. Additionally, Jay is well-versed in the histories of Progressive Jazz, Soul/R&B, and Funk.Mar 9, 2023 · The National Hip-Hop Museum is located in Washington, D.C. in close proximity to Howard University. It launched from the Listen Video studios owned and operated by DJ BOOM, who has been a fixture ...
In celebration of Hip Hop’s 50th anniversary, The Hip Hop Museum will tour the US to tell the story of the pioneers who created and cultivated a sound that sent waves around the …. Daniel rudy ruettiger
Jan 15, 2020 · The Universal Hip Hop Museum is expected to break ground at the Bronx Point this year with completion mooted for 2023. The museum, a collaboration with Microsoft and the MIT Center for Advanced Virtuality, plus artists such as Nas, Q-Tip, and LL Cool J., is operating temporarily in Bronx Terminal Market. Visitors to the temporary exhibition are ...DJ Kool Herc (Clive Campbell) was born April 16, 1955 in West Kingston, Jamaica and migrated to the Bronx, New York in 1967. His classmates at Alfred E. Smith High School referred to him as Hercules because of his size and avid trips to the weight room. Herc started out as a graffiti artist in a group called the Ex-Vandals, but was introduced to …Dec 4, 2023 · CBS New York is celebrating the iconic artists and history that are shaping a new generation of rappers. This Friday at 5:30 p.m. we'll air a new 30-minute special "Hip Hop at 50: Born in the ... Mar 9, 2023 · The National Hip-Hop Museum is located in Washington, D.C. in close proximity to Howard University. It launched from the Listen Video studios owned and operated by DJ BOOM, who has been a fixture ...Aug 1, 2023. The Universal Hip-Hop Museum is scheduled to open to the public in 2025. The project will be located in the Bronx, hip-hop’s birthplace. Rocky Bucano, the museum’s founder, said ...Nothing this good could last forever. They say a picture’s worth a thousand words, but with hip-hop that’s a serious understatement. Contact High explores four decades of iconic photography from the late 1970s to today, documenting a revolution not just in music but in politics, race relations, fashion, and culture. Through more than 170 images of its most influential …Feb 7, 2024 · The Hip Hop Museum’s permanent state-of-the-art home is scheduled to open at the Bronx Point in 2025. Thank you so much for doing this with us! Our readers would love to get to know you a bit ...Jun 29, 2021 · The Universal Hip Hop Museum at Bronx Point. The Universal Hip Hop Museum is set to open in 2024 and will be the first museum dedicated to the preservation of Hip Hop. The museum is part of a $349 million mixed-use project to transform Bronx Point along the Harlem River waterfront. The museum broke ground this past May after ten years of work ...Nothing this good could last forever. They say a picture’s worth a thousand words, but with hip-hop that’s a serious understatement. Contact High explores four decades of iconic photography from the late 1970s to today, documenting a revolution not just in music but in politics, race relations, fashion, and culture. Through more than 170 images of its most influential … The Hip Hop Museum, The Bronx. 102,645 likes · 16,811 talking about this · 5,959 were here. The Universal Hip Hop Museum is now The Hip Hop Museum opening summer of 2025. Located in the south Bronx, the Universal Hip Hop Museum has been years in the making. Intended to preserve and celebrate the evolution of the genre, the museum has been collecting memorabilia and hip hop artifacts from the early 1980's through the 2000's. Hip Hop legends such as Kurtis Blow, LL Cool J, and Nas have become supporters of the …May 25, 2021 · Anna Rahmanan. Tuesday May 25 2021. New York is one step closer to calling the much-anticipated Universal Hip Hop Museum its own: just a few days ago, A-listers headed to the Bronx to celebrate ...*DJ HURRICANE's Stage-used performance vinyl for the song "Sabotage" by Beastie Boys. "2001 A Space Odyssey '' is the EXACT record Scratched by Dj Hurricane during Beastie Boys performances of their Biggest Single! Comes with The National Hip-Hop Museum letter of Authenticity Signed by DJ Hurricane. All proceeds go directly to DJ HURRICANE and The Jam …Published June 18, 2023 Updated June 21, 2023. The Universal Hip Hop Museum, which will be part of Bronx Point, a new mixed-use development with affordable housing in the South Bronx, is not ... The Hip Hop Museum is a museum dedicated to the celebration and preservation of Hip hop music, dance, art and culture and "permanent place to celebrate the music that has made the Bronx famous around the world". The museum will be located on Exterior Street in the Lower Concourse neighborhood of The Bronx when construction is complete. .